THE INTENT OF THE POST
Fasting is a form of worship, so it must be done with intention. It is not necessary to say the intention to fast out loud or about yourself. It is enough that a person, obeying the commands of Almighty Allah, from the morning adhan until Maghrib, decides to refrain from committing actions that invalidate the fast, which will be listed below.
– As a precaution, it is necessary to start abstaining from acts that invalidate the fast a little before the morning adhan, and continue to refrain from these acts for a short time after Maghrib. This is necessary for complete confidence that the post was performed for the entire required time.
– It is enough that every night of the month of Ramadan, a person will buy the intention to fast the next day. In addition, it will be better if on the first night of the month of Ramadan a person acquires the intention to fast throughout the month.
– There is no particular time to acquire an intention. A person can purchase it at any time before the morning azan. If a person stands up to eat before fasting and is asked: “What are you doing?”, and he answers: “I intend to fast”, then this will be enough.
– The time of acquiring the intention to perform the desired fast continues also during the day in which the desired fast is performed. Such an intention can be acquired even before the onset of Maghrib. During the whole day, as long as a person does not perform actions that cancel the fast, he can acquire the intention to perform the desired fast, and this fast will be true.
– If in the month of Ramadan a person forgets to acquire the intention to fast, then his fast will be correct, if he remembers it before noon and immediately acquires the intention, and if he does not perform actions that nullify the fast by that time. But if he acquires the intention after noon, then his fast will be invalid.
– If a person wishes to perform another fast (besides fasting the month of Ramadan), then he must define it in his intention. For example, he must determine the intention that he is going to fulfill a missed position, or a position that has become mandatory due to vows. However, in the month of Ramadan, it is enough that he intends to fast tomorrow. Even if he does not know that the month of Ramadan has come, or he knows, but forgets and intends to do another fast, then this fast will be considered the fast of the month of Ramadan. But if in the month of Ramadan he deliberately acquires the intention to perform another fast (knowing that it is not possible to perform another fast in the month of Ramadan), then his fast is nullified. That is, this fast will not be considered a fast of the month of Ramadan, or any other fast.
– It is not necessary to determine in your intention the day of fasting, that is, on the first day of the month, the second day or another day. Even if he determines a day in his intention, for example, he says that he is fasting on the second day of the month of Ramadan, and then finds out that today is the third day, then his fast will be correct.
– If a person intends to fast before the morning call to prayer, and then loses consciousness or becomes intoxicated, and regains consciousness in the afternoon (without doing any actions that invalidate the fast), then, according to the obligatory caution, he will have to complete the fast of this day, and then do it again on another day.
– Sometimes a person does not know or forgets about the onset of the month of Ramadan and does not fast, and then after noon he realizes his mistake, or before noon he performs the act of canceling the fast. In this case, he should (showing respect for the month of Ramadan) refrain from committing acts that invalidate the fast until Maghrib, and then, after the end of the month of Ramadan, make up for the fasting of that day.
– If the child reaches the age of majority before the morning call to prayer, then he must fast. If he reaches the age of majority after the morning call to prayer and does not perform acts that invalidate the fast, then, as an obligatory precaution, he must fast and then fast that day again after the end of the month of Ramadan.
– If a person has to perform the missed fast of the month of Ramadan or any other obligatory fast, then he does not have the right to perform the desired fast. If he forgets about it and starts performing the desired fast, then if he realizes his mistake before noon, he can change his intention to the intention of performing the obligatory fast. But if he realizes his mistake after noon, then his post is canceled.
– If a person is hired to perform the missed posts of the deceased, then he is allowed to perform his desired posts.
– Sometimes a person is obliged to perform another obligatory fast (besides fasting the month of Ramadan), for example, he makes a promise that he will fast on a certain day. If on this day he deliberately does not acquire the intention to fast before the morning adhan, then his fast is annulled. But if he forgets and remembers it before noon, he can buy it
the intention to commit the post, provided that by this time he will not carry out actions that cancel the post.
– If a person is obliged to perform an obligatory fast for which there is no specific day (for example, a missed fast of the month of Ramadan or a fast that is carried out as an atonement), then he can acquire the intention to perform this fast until noon. That is, if he does not perform actions that cancel the fast and acquires the intention before noon, then his fast will be valid.
– If a non-believer becomes a Muslim in the month of Ramadan before noon, and if he does not perform acts that invalidate the fast by that time, then, according to the obligatory caution, he must perform the fast of that day. And there is no need to repeat the fast on this day after the month of Ramadan. If the sick person recovers before noon, and if he does not perform actions that nullify the fast by that time, then he must acquire the intention to perform the fast. In addition, as a precaution, he must fast on this day again after the month of Ramadan. But if he recovers after noon, then it is not necessary for him to fast that day, but he will have to make up for it after the month of Ramadan.
– A doubtful day is a day in which there is doubt as to whether it is the last day of the month of Sha’ban or the first day of the month of Ramadan. It is not necessary to fast on a questionable day. If a person wants to fast on this day, then he must acquire the intention to perform the desired or, if there is one, the missed fast. And if later it becomes known that this day was the first day of the month of Ramadan, then a perfect fast will be considered a fast of the month of Ramadan. And if it becomes known during the day, then it is necessary to immediately change the intention to the intention of fasting the month of Ramadan.
– If during the fasting of the month of Ramadan or another obligatory fast that must take place on a certain day, a person intends to stop fasting, or if a doubt surrounds him whether to perform the fast or not, then his fast is canceled. If a person intends to perform an action that invalidates the fast (for example, decides to eat), then his fast is also invalidated, even if he does not eat. Except for the cases when he did not attach importance to the fact that this action cancels the fast being performed.
– Sometimes when performing a desired fast or an obligatory fast for which there is no specific day (for example, a missed fast), a person intends to perform an action that cancels the fast, or he is in doubt whether to perform this action or not. If he does not perform the act of canceling the fast and by noon again acquires the intention to perform the fast, then the desired post or obligatory fast, for which there is no specific day, will be valid.
ACTIONS, NULLIFYING THE POST
– Nine actions, according to the measures, cancel the fast:
1-Eating and drinking.
2-Intimate proximity.
3-Masturbation.
4- Slandering Allah, the Messenger of Allah and the imams.
5-Ingestion of thick dust (smoke) in the throat.
6-Immersion of the head in water.
7-Staying until the morning azan in the state of menstrual and postpartum bleeding, as well as without performing extensive ablution (ghusli) after intimacy.
8-Liquid enema.
9-Intentional vomiting.
1-Eating and drinking
– Deliberate consumption of food and drink invalidates the fast. Regardless of what was consumed in food and drink, something edible (such as bread and water) or inedible (such as leaves of trees). Also, regardless of whether a lot of food and drink was consumed or little. Even if a person takes a toothbrush out of his mouth, then puts it back in his mouth and swallows the moisture on it, his fast is nullified. Except for cases when there will be little moisture on the brush, and it will completely disappear in the saliva.
– If, while eating or drinking, a person realizes that it is already morning, then he should not swallow the food and drink in his mouth. If he deliberately swallows them, then his post is annulled. In addition, he will have to perform atonement.
– If a person eats or drinks by accident or due to forgetfulness, his fast is not invalidated.
According to a mandatory measure, a fasting person must refrain from injections and vaccines, medicinal and nutritional preparations. However, injections for local anesthesia (anesthesia) are not prohibited.
– If a person wants to fast, it will be better if he brushes his teeth before the morning call to prayer. If the remains of food get stuck between the teeth, and a person will know that during the day he can swallow them, then, according to mandatory precautions, it is necessary to clean the teeth from the remains of food. If he does not brush his teeth and swallows leftover food during the day, then he will need to complete the fast of that day and then repeat the fast of that day.
– Swallowing saliva, even if it collects in the mouth, does not invalidate the fast. Swallowing sputum, if it has not reached the mouth, also does not invalidate the fast. But if the sputum has reached the mouth, then, according to mandatory caution, it should not be swallowed.
– Chewing baby food, tasting food, rinsing the mouth with water or medicines does not invalidate the position, provided that the person does not swallow them. If, against his will, food or water falls into his throat, then the fast is not invalidated
. But if he knows from the very beginning that food or water will enter his throat against his will, then his fast is nullified. He will have to make up for the fast of that day on another day, and in addition he will have to perform atonement.
– If a person is overcome by a strong thirst that he will not be able to bear, or if he is afraid that he will get sick from thirst, then he can drink water in the necessary amount. However, their post is canceled in this case. And if something like this happens in the month of Ramadan, then he must refrain from committing actions that invalidate the fast until Maghrib.
– A person does not have the right to violate the position held by him due to weakness. But if he is overcome by a strong weakness that he will not be able to endure, then he can break the current fast. He can also act if he is afraid that he will get sick from weakness.
2-Intimate proximity
– Intimate intimacy invalidates the position of both men and women, even if only the head of the penis enters the vagina, and even if ejaculation does not occur. If the head of the penis does not enter completely and ejaculation does not occur, then the fast is not canceled. If there is any doubt whether the head of the penis has entered or not, then the fasting will be correct.
– If a person forgets about fasting and enters into intimacy, or enters into intimacy out of compulsion (other than his will), then his fast is not annulled. But if during sexual intercourse he remembers about fasting, or he is no longer forced to fast, then he must immediately stop sexual intercourse. Otherwise, his post will be cancelled.
3-Masturbation
– If a person performing the post commits an act with himself that will cause ejaculation, then his post is annulled. But if ejaculation occurs against his will (in a dream or while awake), then his fast will be valid.
– If the person performing the position will know that during the day during sleep he may have an eruption, then despite this he is allowed to sleep. And if ejaculation really occurs, then his post is not annulled.
– If the person performing the position wakes up during ejaculation, then he does not necessarily have to prevent the release of sperm.
– A person who ejaculates against his will is fasting and can urinate and perform istibra (cleansing the urethra), even if he knows that in this case the remains of sperm will come out of the urethra. Even if he performs a great ablution (ghusli) and then performs istibra, his fast is not invalidated. However, in this case, after exiting the urethra, he will need to perform a large ablution again.
– If an ejaculation takes place in the position of a man against his will, and he knows that the remains of the sperm remain in the urethra, and that if he does not urinate before performing the great ablution, the remnants of the sperm will come out after performing the great ablution, then it is better if he to urinate before performing ablution. However, it is not necessary.
– If the person performing the position engages in masturbation with the intention of reaching orgasm (ie, ejaculation), then his position is annulled, even if ejaculation does not occur.
– If a person performing the position, without intending to ejaculate, flirts with his wife, then if in such cases he usually did not ejaculate, his fast will be valid. But if by chance he has an eruption, then the loyalty of his position will be questionable. Unless he was absolutely sure that ejaculation would not occur.
4- Slandering Allah, the Messenger of Allah and the imams
– If a person performing the post speaks against Allah, His Messenger and the sinless imams (that is, tells a lie on their behalf), verbally, in writing, with signs or in any other way, then, according to the obligatory caution, his fast is canceled. Even if he immediately repents after that. The same provision applies to slandering other prophets and Fatima Zahra (PBUH).
– If a person wants to pass on some tradition, the authenticity of which he is not sure, then he should remember the person from whom he heard this tradition or the book in which he read this tradition. For example, he should say: “Such-and-such a person narrates (or it is written in such-and-such a book) that the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said…”
– If a person thought that a narration was authentic, and said it on behalf of Allah or His Messenger, and then realized that it was false, then his fast will be valid. But if a person thought that a narration was false, and said it on behalf of Allah or His Messenger, and then realized that it was authentic, then the fidelity of his position would be questionable.
– If a person performing a post deliberately tells a lie in the name of Allah or His Messenger that another man has invented, then the fidelity of his post will be doubtful.
– If a person performing the office is asked: “Did the Prophet say yes or no?”, and he deliberately answers: “Yes”, knowing that the Prophet did not say this, or answers: “No”, knowing that the Prophet said this, then the loyalty of Chinenog